But these aren't relevant examples. The claim was that people learn to think of certain smells as "good" or "bad". The example given was 臭豆腐, which makes no sense because it is thought of as smelling bad.

You don't even claim that your examples are thought of as smelling good. You don't have to have "smells bad" in your name in order to smell bad.

The lesson to draw here is that people are willing to eat things that both (1) taste good, and (2) smell bad. If you like blue cheese and it smells bad... how is that a counterexample?

(I'm open to the idea that people disagree on whether durians or blue cheese smell bad. But I'm less open to the idea that their opinion of the smell is learned - from what I've heard, some people think durian smells disgusting, and other people never saw anything wrong with the smell, but I haven't heard of people who initially thought the smell was disgusting but grew to like it.)