I doubt it. Being the most popular (and open source) kernel means that anyone looking to experiment or improve in this area will almost definitively go to Linux. Combine that with the fact that Linux has major corporate support, and many of those sponsors have an interest in the kernel being good, it is not surprising that Linux is doing well in this area.
However, this also means that the kernel is (in some ways) optimized for more server/super computer type stuff which prefers throughput over latency, at the expense of desktop/smartphone use, which prefers low latency over throughput.
Of course, in many cases there is an option between approaches (either at compile or run time). In the case of the scheduler however, they decided not to support multiple implementations in the mainline. This leaves us with the highly complicated implementation suitable for high end computer, and not the simpler Brain Fuck Scheduler (BFS) that shows minor improvements in desktop use.
Of course, using BFS is only a patch away, and several desktop distributions do use it.
I wrote an emulator for a Prime minicomputer (1975-1992 era). The Prime had built-in instructions for process coordination via semaphores. So when a process issued a WAIT instruction to wait on an event (semaphore), the microcode scheduler looked through the ready list to find the next eligible process to run. At the end of the ready list is the "backstop" process, the lowest priority process; it is always ready to run. The backstop process would look through other scheduling queues (just a semaphore with a list of processes waiting on it) for processes that had exhausted their timeslice, give them a new timeslice, and execute the NFYE instruction to put the process on the ready list. The NFYE instruction would actually switch to the new process, because that process had a higher priority than the backstop process.
There was a periodic timer process on the Prime, that ran at the highest priority. It was used for things like waking up driver processes periodically, in case an IO device was hung and didn't interrupt like it should have, and for waking up processes that were sleeping until a certain time passed (sleep call).
I think it was advanced for its time. If you want to read more about it, here's a link to the Prime System Architecture Guide:
